François Georges Auguste
Dauverné
(1799 - 1874) François Dauverné
was born in Paris on February 16, 1799 and died in Paris on November 4,
1874.
At age 15 he entered the Musique des
Gardes-du-Corps du Roi as trumpeter. He
was also first trumpeter in the Orchestra of the Academie Royale de
Musique.
In 1826, a trumpet in F with 3 valves was
built
in Berlin and sent (from Prussia) to Paris. François Dauverné immediately understood the
new
posibilities of
this instrument. Dauverné is generally credited for being the first to use the
valved trumpet (trompette moderne
or trompette chromatique) in
public performance in 1827. While he lauded the instrument in theory,
he was dissatisfied with its intonation and timbre when compared to the
natural trumpet. In 1828 he made Halary build him a copy of the valved
trumpet. At first it had only two valves.
Dauverné persuaded composert to
write for the newly invented valved trumpet. This resulted in Berlioz'
overture Waverley (1827) and
Rossini's Guillaume Tell
(1829)
Teacher / professor at Paris
Conservatory (1835
- 1869) Trumpet teaching was first started in 1833 at
the Paris Conservatory. The first teacher was François Dauverné.
He was under the German influence of J.
E. Altenburg.
Since the morceaux in the the
concours (the piece
used in the graduation exam) were often composed by the professor, they tended to
reflect both the latest developments of the instrument and the
stylistic preferences of the professor. As trumpet professor, Dauverné, having no
such solo repertoire at his disposal, composed every trumpet contest
piece from 1835 (the first year the trumpet was included in the
concours as a solo instrument) until his retirement in 1869.
Conservatory students were trained on both valved trumpet and natural
trumpet (trompette simple or trompette d'ordonnance). Reviews
indicate that hand-stopping was used for the concours of 1836 and the
slide trumpet was used in 1845; however, it is not clear whether these
instruments were used with regularity or if these contests were
isolated events. Since Arban (his student) won premier prix (first place) in 1845
it is logical to assume that he received some training on the slide
trumpet. Most of the morceaux used during Dauverne's tenure (1835 –
1869) were written for the natural trumpet and the two-valved trumpet
in Eb.
On January 1, 1869, he retired as professor at
the Paris Conservatory. Method
Dauverné published several books:
Theorie ou tabulature de la trompette à pistons (Paris,
1827-1828)
Methode de trompette à pistons (Paris, 1834-1835)
Méthode théorique & pratique du cornet à
pistons ou cylindres. (Paris, Henry Lemoine, 1846)
Méthode pour la trompette (Paris, 1857)
In his last book from 1857, Dauverné gives a detailed history of
the trumpet from antiquity to the mid-19th century. He also gives
instructions for playing the natural trumpet, the slide
trumpet, and the newly-invented piston trumpet. Most of this method is
devoted to the natural trumpet.
Students
Dauverné's most famous student was J. B. Arban. Arban
entered Dauverné's class on September 29, 1841, at age 16.
Jules-Henri-Louis Cerclier (1823 - 1897) was a classmate of Arban.
Cerclier studied
from 1842 - 1845 and was
the sucessor of Dauverné as
trumpet professor at
the Paris Conservatory from 1869 to 1894.
Another student of Dauverné was Louis Antoine Saint-Jacome
(1830-1898). Like Arban, Saint-Jacome also published a method for
cornet and trumpet. He published his Grand
Method for Trumpet or Cornet in 1870. Saint-Jacome's studied
with Dauverné later than Arban and Cerclerier and ended his
studies in 1858. Sources:
* Edward H. Tarr "Die Trompete" 4. edition 2005
* Edward H. Tarr "Dauverné,
François Georges Auguste" - Grove Music Online
* Article by D. Kelly - ITG Journal, March 2006 (page 17 - 28)
* Article about Cerclier at
Edition BIM's website o.j.2007
